Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range and is designed for low-power applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and healthcare sensors.
Unlike traditional Bluetooth, BLE is designed to minimize power consumption while still providing a reliable, long-range wireless connection.
BLE works by interleaving advertisement and scan windows.
Advertisement windows are when a BLE device broadcasts its presence and the services it provides.
Scan windows are when a BLE device listens for advertisement packets from other devices.
BLE relies on a client-server model, where each BLE device can be a central or a peripheral.
A BLE peripheral device sends advertising packets to announce its presence and provide information about its services to any BLE central device within range.
BLE core devices scan for advertisements from peripheral devices and can then connect to and exchange data with those devices.
The process of establishing a connection between BLE devices is called pairing.